Living world
Tips and Tricks
1. Founder of Taxonomy- Aristotle.
2. Alpha taxonomy (Turill, 1938) based on collections, identification, compilation of fauna and flora.
3. Omega taxonomy (Turill, 1938) - It brings out the correct relationships as in new systematics.
4. Cladistics is a method of classification (given by Willi Hennig) in which plants) animals are placed into taxonomic groups (called clades) according to their phylogenetic/evolutionary relationships.
5. Cladogram- Tree like graphic representation of evolutionary history of organism.
6. Dendrogram- when cladogram is based on numerical taxonomy it is called dendrogram.
7. Tribe- An intermediate category which is used in between genus and sub family.
8. Cohort- Used differently by different authors as i) Group of related species. ii) Group between order and class iii) Group above the rank of super order.
9. Taxonomic key.
It is a set of alternate characters of different types arranged sequence wise in such manner that by selection and elimination one can quickly find out the same organism. It is of two types.
a) Bracketed key
b) Indented or yolked key.
10. Floral characters are used as basis of classification and for identifying new species because floral characters are conservative when compared with vegetative characters.
11. In Bentham and Hookers classification dicotyledons have been kept before monocotyledons. Seed plants have been divided into dicots, gymnospermae and monocots.
12. Among vegetative characters, venation in leaf in one of highly acceptable character for classification of angiosperms.
13. The correct sequence of taxa in Linnaean hierarchy is species- genus- family- order- class.
14. Bauhin (1623) proposed the binary system of nomenclature which was elaborated by Linnaeus (1753) into binomial system.
15. Monotypic genus- A genus having only one species. Ex. Homo.
16. Polytypic genus- A genus containing more than one species. Ex. Panthera, Solanum.
17. Engler and prantl wrote 'Die naturlichen pflanzen familien' which contained the first phylogenetic classification.
18. J. K. Maheswari described the plants of India in 'Flora of Delhi'.
19. Camerarius was the person, who first recognized sexuality in plants.
20. In Bentham and Hookers system of classification, evolutionary criteria have not been followed hence not phylogenetic.
21. Phylum covers the largest number of organisms.
22. Hooker complied first complete flora of India and wrote the book' Flora of British India'.
23. The prokaryotes and eukaryotes were distinguished by Dogherty (1957).
Dr. A. KINGSLIN M.Sc, BEd, Phd
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