IMPORTANT TERMS:
v Action Potential: Potential change that occurs in an axon on stimulation of a nerve fibre.
v Adrenergic Fibres: Fibres that release adrenaline at the terminal end.
v Adrenergic Nerve Fibres: The nerve fibres which secrete nor-adrenaline (as neurotransmitter) at their synapse/terminations.
v Afferent Neurons: The neurons which conduct nerve impulses from the peripheral tissues and organs to CNS.
v Cranial Nerves: The nerves arising from different parts of the brain.
v Cholinergic Fibres: Fibres that release acetylcholine at the terminal end.
v Cholinergenic Nerve Fibres: The nerve fibres which secrete acetylecholine (as neurotransmitter) at their synapses/ terminations.
v Efferent Neurons: The neurons which conduct nerve impulses from CNS to the peripheral tissues and organs.
v Extroception: Sensing (conscious or unconscious awareness) of the external environment.
v Ganglia: Neurons clustered in the PNS.
v Grey Matter: Part of CNS consisting of cell bodies, dendrites and synapses of neurons.
v Introception: Sensing (conscious or unconscious awareness) of the internal environment.
v Motor Nerve: The nerve which consists of only efferent nerve fibres and conducts the nerve impulses from the CNS to the peripheral tissues and organs.
v Mixed Nerve: The nerve which consists of both afferent and efferent nerve fibres and conducts the nerve impulse in both the direction.
v Nerves: Bundles of nerve fibres in the PNS.
v Nuclei: Neurons clustered into groups within the CNS.
v Organ of Corti: Hearing apparatus present in the middle canal of cochlea.
v Reflex: A spontaneous, involuntary, nerve mediated activity produced at the unconscious level.
v Resting Potential: Potential that exists in an axon at rest or without stimulation.
v Saltatory Conduction: Conduction of nerve impulse by myelinated nerve fibre in which impulse jumps from one node of Ranvier to another.
v Sensory Nerve: The nerve which consists of only afferent nerve fibres and conducts the nerve impulses from the peripheral tissues and organs to the CNS.
v Spinal Nerves: The nerves which arise from different segment of the spinal cord.
v Synapse: Space between the axon terminals of one neuron and the dendrites of another neuron.
v Threshold Stimulus: The minimum intensity/strength of the stimulus that must be applied to the nerve fibre to stimulate it.
v Tracts: Bundles of nerve fibres within the CNS.
v White Matter: Part of CNS consisting of nerve fibres.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
v Amnesia: Partial or complete loss of memory.
v Analgesia: Loss of pain without loss of tactile sense.
v Anaesthesia: Loss of sensation or feeling.
v Alexia: Inability to read due to the formation of a lesion in the brain.
v Agraphia: Inability to write because of a lesion in the brain.
v Aphasia: Inability to speak or write because of a lesion in the brain.
v Apraxia: Inability to perform purposeful movements in the absence of paralysis.
v Annesia: Loss or lack of memory.
v Anosmia: Less of the sense of smell.
v Insominia: Chronic inability to sleep when sleep is desired; anxiety and depression are common causes.
v Electroencephalograph (EEG):An instrument to record (electroencephalogram) the electrical impulses from the brain on a paper to diagnose brain disorders.
v Encephalomyelitis: Acute inflammation of the brain and spinal cord.
v Brain Washing: Inducing a person to modify his attitude and behaviour in certain directions through various forms of pressure or torture.
v Dentist Nerve: Trigeminal (Vth cranial nerve) reacts to messages of pain, so named because the dentist desensitizes it with some local anaesthetic before drilling into or pulling out a tooth.
v Wondering Nerve: Vagus (Xth cranial nerve) has a wide distribution in the neck, thorax and abdomen. It is also a largest cranial nerve.
v Sciatic Nerve: Largest nerve in the body.
v Pathetic (Trochlear) Nerve: Smallest nerve in the body.
v Protanopia: Red colour blindness.
v Deuteranopia: Green colour blindness.
v Tritanopia: Blue colour blindness.
v Jacobson’s organs (Vomeronasal Organs) : These are additional olfactory organs found in amphibians, reptiles and certain lower mammals. They are best developed in snakes. In humans, they appear as rudiments in the embryo.
v Rhinitis: Inflammation of the nasal mucous membrane.
v Otology: Branch of medical science that deals with the study, diagnosis and treatment of the diseases of the ear and related structures.
Rhinology: Study of noise and its diseases.
Mr. A. KINGSLIN M.Sc, BEd, Phd,(doing)
Post a Comment