IMPORTANT TERMS:
· Acromegaly: Enlargement of hands, feet and jaws and giving man gorilla-like appearance. It is caused due to hypersecretion of growth hormone (GH) after adolescence.
·
Addison’s
Disease: A disorder caused due to deficiency of cortisol and
aldosterone,resulting in a bronze like pigmentation of skin,low blood sugar and
low plasma sodium.
·
Cretinism:
A disorder caused in children due to deficiency of thyroid hormones.
·
Cushing’s
syndrome: A disorder caused due to excessive secretion of
cortisol from adrenal cortex.
·
Diabetes
Insipidus: A disease characterized by the
elimination of large quantity of hypotonic urine due to decreased absorption of
water by the kidney tubules because of failure to secretion of vasopression or
ADH.
·
Dwarfism:
A condition of a person with less growth caused due to deficiency of growth
hormone (GH).
·
Endocrine
Glands: The glands which lack ducts and pour their
secretions (hormones) directly into the blood.
·
Eunuchoidism:
A condition in a male characterized by underdeveloped secondary male sex
characters caused due to failure of testosterone secretion.
·
Gigantism:
Abnormal elongation of long bones results due to hypersecretion of growth
hormone (GH) during early years of development.
·
Grave’s
Disease (Exophthalmic Goitre): An auto-immune disorder
in which the person produces antibodies that mimic the action of TSH, resulting
in thyroid enlargement and bulging of eyeballs.
·
Gynaecomastia:
The development of breast tissues in male due to perturbation of estrogen to
androgen ratio.
·
Hypothyroidism:
Decreased
activity of thyroid gland leads to less secretion of thyroxine due to
deficiency of iodine resulting into simple goiter.
·
Hyperthyroidism:
Increased activity of thyroid gland leads to increased secretion of thyroxine resulting
in exophthalmic goitre or Grave’s disease.
·
Hypogonadism:
A disorder arising due to defects ⁄injury to the hypothalamus, pituitary or
testes ⁄ovary.
·
Myxoedema:
A
disorder caused by deficiency of thyroid hormones in adults where the cardinal
symptom is oedema (swollen and fluffy face).
·
Precocious
Puberty: Sexual maturation of ovary ⁄testes at an early
age, i.e., before the age of ten in boys and nine in girls.
·
Tetany
(Muscle Spasms): Sustained contractions of the muscles
of larynx, face, hands, and feet due to low level of parathormone.
ADDITIONAL
INFORMATION
·
Oral
Contraceptive Pills: These contain synthetic estrogen and
progesterone at a dose high enough to prevent ovulation.
·
Baldness:
Male sex hormone promotes baldness, while female hormones inhibit it.
·
Pheromones:
The chemicals released by some exocrine glands of same animals into the
environment and affect the behaviour of other individual of the same species.
·
Trophic
(Tropic) Hormones: The hormones which stimulate other
endocrine gland to release its hormone.
·
Thomas
Addison: Called the ‘Father of Endocrinology’.
·
Four
Ss’’: Standing one for ‘salt’, ‘sugar’, ‘sex’ and
‘stress’ refer to adrenal glands. As adrenal glands control salt and sugar
metabolism, development of sex and stress reactions.
·
Triple
‘F’ Gland: Adrenal gland due to its role in flight, fight and fright.
·
World
Diabetes Day: 14th November
·
Iodine
Deficiency Disorder Day (IDD Day): 21st
October.
·
Gastational
Diabetes: A temporary phase of diabetes during pregnancy
·
Gravidex
Test: Involves testing of HCG of placenta in the urine to
test the pregnancy.
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